In the heart of Queretaro, one of the most industrialized regions of Mexico, a complex of data centers stands that houses servers dedicated to processing the complex operations of artificial intelligence (AI). These centers, essential for the functioning of AI, require enormous amounts of energy and water to maintain their operations and cooling systems.

The consumption of natural resources by AI is a growing concern. Globally, it is estimated that the demand for water to train AI models could reach between 4,200 and 6,600 million cubic meters by 2027. In Mexico, where several regions face water scarcity, this intensive consumption represents a significant challenge. For example, in Queretaro, the installation of data centers by companies like Amazon and Microsoft has increased pressure on local water resources, exacerbating drought problems in the region.

In addition to water, energy is another critical resource. Data centers that support AI consume large amounts of electricity, contributing to the country's carbon footprint. Energy generation in Mexico heavily relies on fossil sources, which worsens the environmental impact associated with AI.

In the face of these challenges, various initiatives aim to mitigate the environmental impact of AI. The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) promotes sustainability in the technological sector, encouraging the use of renewable energy and more efficient resource consumption practices. Companies like Microsoft have announced investments in data centers that use renewable energy, contributing to reducing the carbon footprint.

Additionally, the adoption of more efficient and smaller AI models can significantly reduce resource consumption. UNESCO has highlighted the importance of developing smaller and more sustainable generative AI models that can operate with lower energy and water demands.

In conclusion, artificial intelligence offers significant opportunities for the economic and social development of Mexico. However, it is essential to comprehensively address its environmental impact by implementing policies and practices that promote a sustainable adoption of this technology. Only through a balanced approach can the benefits of AI be maximized while minimizing its adverse effects on the environment and local communities.